Week 10 Shirley's Blog

 Lab: The video about the movement of the convection: https://youtu.be/N0PIKC657W4

Activitymania:

-Big Problem: not let the students discovered by their own. They do not have the problem after their leaning.

-more control of the class management

-the lab activities

-Hands-on and mind-on, they don't learn anything, they just do what you said.

-Inquiry is a long term.

How do we assess our students?

Assignment, Exit ticket

What does "A" mean?

Profession, to show the understand of the class

At the top of the ability 

Then we do the grade scale of our class score

Learning for the students not for test

What are the Layers of the Earth?

The we do the activity:

Lecture： 1. Earthquake/Volcanoes

2. Plate tectonics

3. Rock cycle

Several igneous Rocks is smaller that the others

Pressbook：Earth’s Structure: At the Surface and Underground

Earth is made up of four layers. The outermost layer is called the crust（地壳）. The crust is made up rocks such as basalt and granite and it is very thin in comparison to the other layers. The crust is broken into many pieces called plates. There are two types of plates: continental plates and oceanic plates. 

Mantle，位于地壳和地核之间。这是地球上最大、最厚的一层。Mentle的上部由岩浆构成；板块漂浮在这一层上，这就是它们的移动方式

地球的core由两层组成：外核和内核（Outer Core and. Inner core), 非常热，所以金属保持液态 

Plate Tectonics板块运动

解释了地球板块是如何移动的。地球的crust by divided 许多板块，它们漂浮在熔融的地幔上层。

Tectonic Plate Boundaries

There are three types of tectonic plate boundaries: 

1. Transform boundary: plates sideswipe each other 
2. Divergent boundary: plates pull apart from each other
3. Convergent boundary: plates push into each other
   

   

   Transform, divergent, and convergent plate boundaries. “Plate tectonics” by USGS is public domain.

• 汇聚板块（Convergent plates:）：
  • 当两个大陆板块汇聚时，陆地被相互推挤并向上形成一座山脉（然而，由于它是由液体物质构成的，它也会向下推入地幔）。
  • 当两块大洋板块汇合时，一块板块会俯冲到另一块板块之下。在这种情况下，就会形成海沟或岛弧（trench or an island）
  • 当大陆板块与海洋板块汇合时，密度更大的海洋板块会俯冲到 大陆 板块之下。当海洋板块被迫深入地下时，它会达到极高的温度并融化成岩浆。然后，岩浆会上升到太空中形成火山。这也可以形成山脉；例如，安第斯山脉就是这样形成的。 
• 发散板块（Divergent plates）
• 在海洋中，岩浆上升填满板块之间的空间，形成火山。当火山喷发产生的物质随着时间的推移而积累时，就会形成大洋中脊（mid-ocean ridge）。
• 在陆地上，形成了裂谷或大裂缝。

Volcanoes

A volcano is a vent that allows magma, rock fragments, ash, and gases to escape to the surface of a planet or moon.

Effusive Eruptions

• lava steadily flows out a volcano onto the ground
• occurs when magmas reaches the surface
• builds up gentle sloping shield volcanoes

Explosive Eruptions

• the magma is fiercely fragmented and rapidly expelled
• occurs where cooler magmas reaches the surface
• builds up steep sloping composite volcanoes

How Volcanoes are Formed

         Convergent plates

         Divergent plates

          Hot spots

地震

构造板块漂浮在地幔上，即地壳下面的一层。板块岩石的断裂称为断层；这些断裂可以以板块边界的形式出现，也可以以板块内部较小的裂缝的形式出现。岩石沿着这些断层线在转换边界处移动。但有时，它们无法轻易通过。板块继续相互挤压或滑过，导致巨大的压力积聚。最终，岩石会断裂，压力将以强大的地震波的形式释放。这会导致地面震动——地震。

化石

化石是保存在岩石中的植物或动物的遗骸。当植物或动物死后遗骸被迅速掩埋时，就会形成化石。